How does the director of The Green Mile arouse sympathy for the character of John Coffey Essay Example

How does the chief of The Green Mile excite compassion toward the character of John Coffey Essay Example How does the chief of The Green Mile excite compassion toward the character of John Coffey Paper How does the chief of The Green Mile excite compassion toward the character of John Coffey Paper Paper Topic: Film The Green Mile is a film dependent on a Stephan King tale. The story is appeared through a progression of blaze backs told by Paul Edgecomb (Tom Hanks). The chief picks Tom Hanks which is as it should be. Tom consistently assumes jobs of the hero in films, the executive needed to get over that Paul Edgecomb is a good man so picked Tom to assume the job. Most monitors in jail films abuse their detainees and the detainees themselves carry on forcefully. To get over the way that the gatekeepers are progressively thoughtful towards their detainees the chief uses Tom Hanks to assume the primary job. This permits us to get a dream of a jail watch who sympathizes with his charges. We perceive how Paul recounts to the story to one of his companions at the old people groups home after he began crying while at the same time sitting in front of the TV. Scene after scene the crowd understand that John Coffey, the subject of the account is blameless and the crowd begin identifying with him. From the outset the film is by all accounts about Paul Edgecomb, played by Tom Hanks, yet he is just the person who traces the story, thinking back on when he is a jail watch responsible for the detainees on the Green Mile at Cold Mountain Penitentiary in 1935. His associates incorporate Brutus Howell (David Morse), Dean Stanton (Barry Pepper), and the vicious Percy Wetmore (Doug Hutchison). At some point, a monster dark man by the name of John Coffey (simply like the beverage, however not spelt the equivalent) (played by Michael Clarke Duncan), is acquired, having been sentenced for the homicide of two little youngsters. Coffey has a delicate and serene aura, not one that we would expect by a wanton executioner. At the point when he plays out some minor supernatural occurrences, Paul Edgecomb begins to accept he may be honest. Be that as it may, with nobody else having confidence in Johns blamelessness Paul needs to refute John has done no doing. The remainder of the story is worried about setting up only that. At the point when we first observe John we dont precisely feel frustrated about him, hes comes out of a van with a nearby on his gigantic feet. With Percy yelling, Dead man strolling, and his tied up feet we think hes liable of a heartless wrongdoing and has the right to be condemned to death. However we despite everything feel for him a piece being tied up and realizing that his passing is just around the corner. The camera dish up gradually indicating how tall he is and we think hes horrible man since he has been condemned to death so he has accomplished something extremely off-base. Everybody at the jail is watching him approach the structure, their faces demonstrating how horrible his wrongdoing must be and how frightened they are of him. In any case, when we see his face he looks apprehensive and honest. We begin to feel that he isnt such a terrible man as we previously suspected however we despite everything think he is a law breaking criminal. Likewise when John inquires as to whether he can keep the light on around evening time since hes terrified of the dull we begin to think about whether John truly is that a very remarkable awful man. We first begin to understand that John may be blameless when in Johns cell there is non-diagetic music. Creepy music begins to play when he goes to shake Pauls hand. Paul hesitantly shakes his hand and we begin to think Johns a more pleasant man than first idea. This gets us somewhat stressed in light of the fact that there is something peculiar or distinctive about him. During the movie there are numerous clues that John may be guiltless and this is the place the executive begins to make compassion toward John. In later scenes John is depicted as nai ve, delicate, youngster like and hes scared of the dim. This is the place we begin feeling compassion toward John. At the point when John recuperates Pauls urinal issue the crowd acknowledges there is a whole other world to John. He has an extraordinary force. This is likewise appeared in the scene where he recuperates the mouse and afterward in the scene where John mends Melinda, Paul asks John where he thinks hes going and John knows where he is going to go. Our compassion is appeared toward the start of the scene when John is snatched by Wild Bill. He looks extremely apprehensive and we feel frustrated about him, since wild Bill is such a frightful character so it makes John resemble an increasingly delicate man. John is viewed as a youngster like character when he admires the sky and sees the stars while in transit to the truck, and furthermore when he gets the leaves he smells them and we understand that he is so delicate and kid like. Hes been let out of jail for some time and everything he does is take a gander at grin at the stars. There is a nearby of Hal when he takes steps to shoot John. John has come to support his significant other however Hal suspects something and takes steps to shoot him. We feel frustrated about him since hes just attempting to help. At the point when he recuperates Melinda he doesnt have the digitized flies come out his mouth straight away. He hacks a great deal and you begin to stress over him. You cannot feel stressed for somebody who is terrible like Wild Bill, we dont feel frustrated about him when he gets shot. But since John is depicted as delicate we feel stressed for him: considerably more so in light of the fact that Paul and the others dont appear to be worried for his government assistance. Another scene which adds to the compassion we feel for sorry is the execution scene. Not long before this scene John watches the film Top Hat we have seen the film from when Paul was viewing toward the start of the film and he begins crying. He has requested to consider the to be as a last solicitation. He has requested something so straightforward this causes us to feel that he is a basic man and his face while he watches the film is youngster like and delicate. This causes us to feel sorry for him on the grounds that not long before his execution he is so delicate and not stressed. We additionally get this inclination when he begins strolling the Green Mile. He discusses Mr Jangles (the mouse) and the young ladies in his fantasy. He has such a puerile creative mind we identify with this. We feel for him again when he appears to be so unaltered by his execution which is going to occur. He never considers himself. In any event, when he is going to be executed he is as yet considering others. He attempting to promise the watchmen that everythings going to be okay when he ought to be stressed over if hes going to be okay. John is progressively frightened of the scorn for him as opposed to his execution, he doesnt like individuals detesting him since he needs harmony on the planet. At the point when he strolls into the execution room all the execution crowd is calling him since they feel that he submitted the homicides of the two young ladies. We realize that this isnt valid and we begin to ask why it isnt being halted. The watchmen begin to tie him up to the seat, Dean begins to cry. Monitors never cry when an execution is occurred however Dean is. He feels frustrated about John like the crowd. At the point when John requests to not put the sack over his head since hes terrified of the dim it makes tears in your eyes. How could such a delicate man be executed for something hes not done. The executive makes more compassion toward John by not demonstrating any torment that John is experiencing. We cannot stand to see him put through any more torment so the chief shows a dose of Dean crying, we simply feel that it cannot deteriorate. Generally the chief of the Green Mile makes compassion toward John Coffey by depicting him as a delicate monster with numerous innocent characteristics. Through the film we feel increasingly more upset for him till in the execution scene we cannot stand to see him put through any more agony. We understand theres more to him than first idea, with his extraordinary forces. He could be contrasted with Jesus in certain regards however dissimilar to Jesus John Coffey rebuffs Wild Bill and Percy for being awful men. He generally does as well as can be expected to help individuals and is in the expressions of Paul Edgecomb hes one of Gods wonders.

Millers Tale Essay Example

Mill operators Tale Paper We gain from the Millers picture that his mouth as incredible as a welcome forneys and he tells synne and noriotries. We know from this that the Miller will be recounting to a rough story and utilizing unrefined language, not a sentiment. We additionally realize that the Miller is lower class and has more strength than minds. This shows he will be recounting to a vulgar story of how he sees reality, which is probably going to be about desire and infidelity, as in all fabliaus. In the start of the preamble the Miller has just offended the host by disturbing the social congruity. He has likewise annoyed the Reeve, whose activity is a craftsman. Customarily there was a contention among Millers and woodworkers. This makes the story progressively fit to the Miller as he decides to annoy the Reeve. The Millers hostile character appears through in this hostile story. We see from the introduction that the Miller has a thumb of gold implying that he prepares a portion of the flour that he grindes for the nearby individuals. This shows how exploitative and mischievous the Miller is. This makes him appropriate to tell the story as it is about untrustworthiness and absence of trust and steadfastness. We will compose a custom exposition test on Millers Tale explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Millers Tale explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Millers Tale explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The story is about infidelity and the mill operator accepts that all ladies are double-crossing and tells the Reeve that He who hath no spouse, he is no cokewold. In the story we were informed that John was desirous and heeld recruit narwe in confine. This shows John has comparative perspectives to those of the Miller since he can't confide in his significant other. The Miller is uneducated and decides to annoy Nicolas who is cunning and instructed. This is the reason at long last Nicolas is rebuffed by being burnt in the towte. Absolon is additionally pulled in light of the fact that he is womanly. This mill operator detests feminine men since he himself is extremely manly. Absolon is likewise rebuffed in light of the fact that he succumbs to Alisons stunt and he hath kist hir under ye. Albeit every one of these focuses show that the Miller is fit to this story, there are a few pundits that accept that this story was unreasonably educated for the mill operator. The mill operator incorporates an appearance job for himself as the bastard Robin. In any case, a few pundits contend that he was not canny enough to think about this. He likewise wouldnt have had the option to consider utilizing the word hende incidentally when discussing Nicolas. Despite the fact that this story is a fabliau, there are a few shows of a sentiment, for example, the long representations of Alison and Absolon. We likewise observe these shows when Abslon is attempting to prevail upon Alison and he calls her Darling and my best feathered creature. However the Miller would not be sufficiently smart to realize how to bring these shows into the fabliau. In the Millers preface we are informed that Oure hooste saugh that he was dronke of beer. Since the Miller was in such a tipsy state pundits contend that he wouldnt have had the option to recollect each and every detail of the story and that he would have not been in any state to tell it in rhyming couplets. Over all I feel that this fabliau is appropriate to its teller on the grounds that both the story, and the Millers musings on life are foul and discourteous. The story is told by the Miller who things that all ladies are unscrupulous and simple, which is the way ladies and connections and depicted in the story.

How to Build a Successful Customer Service Department

How to Build a Successful Customer Service Department ‘Happy customers are returning customers’ is a great saying every businessperson should keep in mind. If your business ensures customers use the products and services with a smile on their face, they are more likely to return and spend more on your business.But things don’t always go according to plan and customers can be dissatisfied with your business. In order to salvage the situation, your business needs a good successful customer service department. If you help your customers and fix the situation, you can win back their trust and often their wallet as well. © Shutterstock.com | Monkey Business ImagesIn this guide, you’ll be able to read about 1) the reasons a business needs a customer service department and 2) the steps you must take to build one as part of your business strategy. Hopefully by the end, you’ll also understand how to guarantee customer service success.WHY DO YOU NEED A CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT?Many entrepreneurs and business owners still don’t put enough emphasis on customer service. This is often due to lack of understanding of the many benefits a successful customer service department will bring to the business or the brand. Customer service shouldn’t be seen in a negative light, even though your department will have to deal with some bad and negative experiences. The sooner you understand the positive value of the customer service department, the faster you’ll help your business develop and grow.What are the key benefits a customer service department will provide for your business?You’ll learn more abou t your product or service â€" no matter how much effort you’ve put on designing and developing the service or the product your business offers, things will eventually go wrong and customers won’t always enjoy what they get. But this negative feedback could often provide you with valuable information about your business and the things it offers. Customer service can receive a lot of useful information, which can then be used to develop your product and service further.Your business will be financially better off â€" a good customer service department will naturally mean extra costs for the business, as you’ll need to hire the personnel and the systems to support the unit. But in the end, your business will enjoy much more financial benefits. First, you’ll increase sales. Harris Interactive’s study found that nearly 90% of consumers stop doing business with a business if they experience bad customer service. Provide customers a good experience and they’ll keep coming back and most likely will recommend your business to their friends and family. Second, customer service department will help save your business money by resolving issues before they turn into bigger problems. Customers who’ve had a negative influence could potentially cost your business a lot of money, not just by ruining your reputation but also by suing you for any misdemeanour. With a good customer service team, you can resolve these issues immediately and avoid long-term consequences. Finally, as mentioned above, you can develop and improve your business through customer service. There is no need to organise costly focus groups regularly, as your real-life users will be able to provide feedback about your business. The ability to tweak your products will greatly enhance the financial success of your business.Today’s customers have a lot more choices at their disposal and better opportunities to share consumer experiences with others through social media. It is essential for a mod ern business to focus on customer service to ensure you provide customers more than just a service or a product. You also need to be able to tap into the positive marketing customers can help you with.A good customer service department helps your business to focus on creating unique consumer experiences. This will provide you with the above benefits and create valuable customer relationships that will last longer and continue being more profitable over time.THE KEY STEPS TO ESTABLISHING A GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENTYou should hopefully now understand the value and importance of customer service to your business. But anyone who has ever dealt with a customer service department knows there is bad service and then there is good service. While it is better to try something than do nothing, you can also damage your business further with inadequate service.How can you guarantee your customer service department becomes a success and not a hindrance to your business? Here are the key s teps you should do in order to establish a successful customer service department.Establish the function of your customer service teamBefore you get started with the foundations of building a customer service team, you need to think about its functions. Not all customer service units serve the same purpose and your objectives will help define the roles of your team in a more coherent manner.You can define the function of your department by asking the following questions:What is the main function of the department?What are the core issues it should look at?Will the department deal with sale issues?Does it look into financial queries?Is the customer service department in charge of dealing with technical problems?What are the core values of my business that should drive customer service?You might notice that certain departments in your business might already be doing certain customer service jobs. For example, your sales persons might get feedback about the product and so on.Make sure you identify these departments and help them better answer customer needs. You want everyone in your business to know about the objectives of customer service and how to direct people towards the special unit in case problems arise.Use your answers as a guide to defining objectives of your customer service department and each team member. You want the objectives to be all about improving the service.Hire the right employeesA customer service department depends more than any other department on quality workforce. If your employees are not passionate about customer service and they do not have the right skills for the job, you aren’t going to succeed in your task.The right skills will depend on the core functions you want the department to do, as well as the field your business operates in. But there are certain characteristics all customer service representatives should have.The following skills are a great starting point to keep in mind when hiring new personnel:Empathy and patien ce â€" each customer will be different and your employees need to be able to have empathy, even when the customer might be irritating. Customer service takes quite a bit of patience, as you’ll deal with customers who might be heated.Ability to adapt â€" relating to the above point of different kinds of customers, your employee must be able to adapt quickly to new situations. In addition, the problems might be slightly different each time and you need someone who can think quickly.Clear communication â€" employees must be able to discuss complicated issues in a clear and concise manner. This is especially important if the job requires helping with technical aspects of the service or the product. Your customers won’t be as acknowledged so clear communication is the key.A sound work ethic â€" customer service is among the toughest jobs in the world, as you need to stay upbeat and positive at all times. It’s not an easy job by any means and your employee must have the right work e thic.Plenty of knowledge of the field your business operates in, as well as the product and the service on offer â€" your employee must know the product and your business inside out. You’ll solve problems much quicker and provide a more confident image to the customer with appropriate knowledge.Ability to swallow one’s pride â€" it might sound cliché but the customer is always right, even when they aren’t. A great customer service person fixes customer problems without belittling them or making them feel like a fool â€" even if they were the fool!Great problem solving skills â€" another obvious point, but crucial, nonetheless. You’ll never know what type of problem your customer throws at you, so you need to be able to think fast and solve issues with speed.Some of the above skills can naturally be developed and enhanced by training. Indeed, training is a crucial part of your customer service department and you should regularly provide employees the opportunities for self-d evelopment.All the great companies invest in training both in improving knowledge about the business’ product or service as well as in developing soft kills such as being more mindful about one’s choice of words. You want your customer service department to continue reaching higher.When it comes to training, you need make sure you allow employee personalities to shine. You want people who are able to think quickly and take each customer enquire as an individual case to be solved â€" your employees should never be trained to simply read out the procedure!Don’t forget the Internet is a great treasure chest of self-development tools your employees can use as part of their training. For example, below is a great video about the keys to better communication: Above all, make sure you nurture your employees’ wellbeing. You want your employees to be able to voice their problems with a manager, you want them to feel trusted and respected, and you want them to be passionate about the work. Engaged employees will automatically provide better customer service because they care about your business.Create a solid plan for dealing with issuesYou also need to create a solid structure and procedure for solving customer complaints, feedback and questions. Structure is important because it generates more coherence and confidence within the department, which in turn will help result in better customer service. If your employees are fully aware of the procedure, then they don’t need to worry about what to do next.Coherence is essential because today’s customers aren’t going to enjoy having to wait for a reply. Many expect a customer service query to be resolved within 24 hours. Why wouldn’t you? Your customer’s life might be unexpectedly disrupted by a malfunction in your product, for instance, and you don’t want to let their disruption last for any longer than necessary.A proper game plan for answering customer queries will help the employee solve the issue mu ch quicker. They can act in a more professional manner because the training has already covered the particular problem and they are confident in knowing how to solve it.Your customer service department should also have a clear system in place for the problems that require special attention. Your employees need to be able to move the problem onwards, perhaps to a high-positioned manager, swiftly in case they are unable to solve the problem. This will cut the waiting time for the customers and it can prevent the issue from escalating.But remember that a structure should not mean your customer service should become automated. You don’t want to solve a customer enquiry by treating it as a generic problem; you want to deal with each issue as an individual case.Measure customer service performanceA successful customer service department measures performance. Your department needs to have objectives in mind that drive better performance and these objectives should be measurable to some e xtent.When you are using metrics as part of your business, make sure to understand which metrics are the most important. Some of the traditional customer service metrics such as the average handle time don’t reveal to you much about the quality of the service, only the length of the conversation.One crucial metric to keep in mind is customer satisfaction, not just towards the product or the service, but also the customer service experience. It is important to figure out a way in which customers can provide feedback over how their case was handled. Getting back to your customer with a follow-up can show your business truly values them!Measuring customer service performance will also help you fix the problem within your team before they escalate. In some instances, you might find that your business needs to change and redefine its objectives.In addition, don’t focus solely on customer feedback â€" you also need to get feedback from your employees. It is important they are part of the solution when it comes to improving your customer service. It’s a good idea to have a regular meeting to hear what your employees think are the most challenging aspects and what they would like to change in the way the department operates.Have the right tools for dealing with customer service queriesFinally, in order to establish a successful customer service department, you need to invest in proper technology. You need the right tools to support your employees and to guarantee customer satisfaction.The main thing to keep in mind is that customer service comes in many different ways. Modern customers could look to contact you through various means, with the most common ones being:PhoneE-mailThrough your websiteOn your social media channelsOn an online chat platformIt is important to place special attention to these new online customer service models to ensure your customers have a range of options at their disposal.Running an online customer service department will require add itional technical expertise. You want to get the right people to do each job to ensure you provide quality service without any glitches.Options for 24/7 customer service are another important part of successful service. Customers in today’s busy world need to be able to get in touch with businesses outside of office hours. Even if your small business cannot afford to have personnel responding messages directly, you can benefit from an online form or e-mail option. For instance, with the e-mail route, you can always include an automated message to ensure your customer is instantly aware the problem is being solved.If your business has many international customers, it is important to think how you can best help them. You don’t want your customers to have to deal with automated or written responses all the time, so it might be important to establish another department that operates in different international time zones.The most important thing is to focus on speed without neglectin g quality. You want to sort each enquire as soon as possible, but not in a hasty manner. Getting the right software and technology to do the job is an important part of guaranteeing both speed and quality.FINAL THOUGHTSPlenty of businesses out there continue to suffer from the consequences of having a bad customer service department. But in the time of social media and online reviews, emphasis on a good customer service has never been more important. If businesses want to succeed in a modern world, they need to build the foundations of a strong customer service with the steps mentioned above. Focus on these points will not only provide success in customer service, but will help the whole of the business to succeed.Strong and successful customer service is essentially about creating a strong service culture in your business. It is about creating a culture of problem solving and empathy. With the above steps, you can instil the right elements to your business and ensure your customers , as well as your employees, feel how passion and gratitude at the core of your business.

Understanding Sleep And Pain Of Elderly Patients - 2123 Words

Understanding Sleep and Pain in Elderly Patients Rachael P. Donnelly and Joyce K. Wu MCPHS University Understanding Sleep and Pain in Elderly Patients Literature Review A great deal of investment in terms of research has yielded copious information regarding the individual phenomena of sleep and pain. These two subjects have even been studied to a substantial degree in specific populations, the older adult population being one of these. However, study of the interaction between these two phenomena has only recently begun to be of great notice. This interaction, though lately established in the literature, has not been adequately studied in many populations. In particular this inadequacy is notable for the older adult population. A search of the database Academic Onefile using keywords â€Å"older adults†, â€Å"sleep† and â€Å"pain† produced no literature involving all three. The literature used in this review was found with individual searches of â€Å"sleep† and â€Å"pain†, â€Å"older adults† and â€Å"sleep†, and â€Å"older adults† and â€Å"pain†. This issue is of great importance to nurses and other clinicians due to the increasing age of the patient population seen in practice (Berman, Snyder, Kozier, Erb, 2012), and due to the pervasive difficulties with sleep and pain faced by older adults. Sleep disturbance among the older adult population is known to be a prevalent issue (Gooneratne, Pack, Staley, Schutte-Rodin, Dinges, Pack, 2011). Much study hasShow MoreRelatedA Wellness Approach to Health1236 Words   |  5 Pagesis an entire society dependent on drugs and surgery and constantly living in pain. The wellness approach to health is an alternative way of living that encourages self awareness and understanding as a means of ensuring lasting health. 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I Am Proud Of What I Didn t Know About Poetry And Story...

When I started this class, I didn’t know much about poetry and story let alone creating my own. My relation with writing was mostly limited to science labs and research papers. Thursdays turn in were a challenge because I had to come up with a topic to write poems or stories. Today, I am proud of what I have accomplished. I was able to compose poems and stories that touched the readers’ heart. I have learned to enjoy writing and take it as a medium to express myself and share my stories. I was usually a reader but now I can write too. As I was growing up, my family moved to lots of different places inside Nepal. I didn’t have a permanent place that I could call my home. I liked traveling but, I felt I wasn’t living fully since I had to move once in every three or four years. As I reflect back to my childhood, I don’t remember writing stories and poem. I used to make up stories with my siblings, though. My parents were busy with their work, so we had to find a way to entertain ourselves. We used to come up with interesting naming games, but none of us were writers and we never thought of playing writing games. Writing doesn’t come naturally to me. I have to spend lots of time to come up with a topic and extra time to think of words that would go with my topic. For my Thursday turn in, I used to stay up late working on my poems or stories. However, I have learned to enjoy the process. After I am done writing, I feel proud of what I have put into my paper. Among allShow MoreRelatedDepression : A Complex Mental Health Complication4939 Words   |  20 Pagescontent. This article is about my personal struggle with depression and how I managed to fight my way out of it. Everything written below is offered as an example to follow for others who struggle with low self-confidence, grief and hopelessness. I believe that what I have to say will show other s how they can change their way of looking at the world and other people so that they can start living for themselves. If you knew me, you would know my story. You would know my life and my struggle to freedomRead MoreThe boy in the stripped pajamas Full TEXT35455 Words   |  142 Pagesextraordinary book that made me feel increasingly chilled TES The new The Curious Incident of the Dog In The Night ­ Time? Heat Successful fiction captures the imagination, it allows us to live lives that are extraordinary to us. The story of Bruno and Shmuel within The Boy In The Striped Pyjamas does exactly that, through it we gain a fresh and new perspec ­ tive on the Holocaust ... it is a novel whose ending remains with readers long after the pages are finished, it is a novel thatRead MoreCarl Roger Transcript44281 Words   |  178 PagesTranscripts of Carl Rogers Therapy Sessions Edited by Barbara T. Brodley and Germain Lietaer Volume 12 Year Page Gloria Filmed Interview 1965 2 Sylvia 4th Interview (Filmed) 1975 21 Commentary interspersed throughout Sylvia 5th Interview (Filmed) 1975 39 Commentary interspersed throughout Kathy Filmed Interview 1975 53 Commentary 67 Dione 1st Filmed Interview 1977 68 Commentary interspersed throughout Dione 2nd Filmed Interview 1977 1977

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 16 Free Essays

Current Day Ella I don’t know why I’m in here. I started to run down the street with so much adrenaline lashing through me it felt like my chest was going to explode. The rain was pouring down and all I could think about was getting as far away from Micha’s house as possible, but my mind caught up with me and I pulled myself back somehow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now My clothes drip on the bathroom floor, which is still stained red from her blood. I sit down and hug my knees to my chest, staring at the bathtub. Something died in me when I found her, but I’m not sure what. Maybe my soul. That night, I’d been so determined to go to that stupid party that I left her at the house alone, even though my dad had left me in charge of her. There was one simple rule: keep an eye on mom. And I couldn’t even follow it. â€Å"Ella, what are you doing in here?† Micha observes me from the doorway, his clothes and hair drenched with rain. I cuddle my knees against me and squeeze my eyes shut. â€Å"I saw you go to your bedroom with Naomi.† â€Å"Okay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he sounds confused. â€Å"Why do you sound upset, though?† â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† I say. â€Å"None of this matters.† â€Å"Of course it matters.† He sits down beside me and drapes his arm over his knees. â€Å"Otherwise you wouldn’t be in here.† â€Å"You’re right, it does matter.† I run my finger between the cracks in the tile. â€Å"I don’t want you to be with Naomi.† â€Å"Wait a minute. Do you think I hooked up with her?† â€Å"Isn’t that what you normally do when you take a girl back to your room?† â€Å"Naomi and I were just talking,† he mutters quietly. â€Å"And I haven’t taken a girl back to my room in months.† Hearing him say that makes me feel better and I start to face the inevitable. I can run all I want and try to shut myself down, but my feelings for Micha will always be there – they control me. â€Å"You know, you scared the shit out of me that night,† he says, staring at the bathtub. â€Å"The way you looked when I found you†¦ I don’t ever want to see that look in your eyes again – that emptiness.† â€Å"It was my fault.† I let it fall off my chest and crash into the world. â€Å"I was supposed to watch her that night, but I was selfish and thought that stupid party was more important.† He turns my head toward him and looks me in the eyes, so I can see how much he means what he says. â€Å"You’re not selfish. You were seventeen and you made a mistake just like every other seventeen-year-old out there does.† â€Å"She died because of my mistake.† The words scratch at my throat. â€Å"If I would have just stayed home like I was supposed to then she wouldn’t be dead.† â€Å"You have to let this go,† he says, his voice strained. â€Å"You can’t keep blaming yourself for something that was out of your hands.† â€Å"I wish I could have a redo.† Tears sting the corners of my eyes. â€Å"I want to do it over again.† He covers my hand with his. â€Å"I think you might need to talk to someone about this. Otherwise it’s going to haunt you forever.† I suck the tears back and wiggle my hand away from his. â€Å"You think I’m going crazy.† He shifts in front of me onto his knees, takes my face in his hands, and forces me to look at him. â€Å"Look at me. No one thinks you’re crazy. You’re strong, but you’ve been through a lot of shit and you might need some help working through it.† â€Å"I think I’m more fucked up than you realize,† I say. â€Å"I can’t even look in a mirror anymore.† â€Å"That does sound crazy.† He tucks my hair out of my face and takes a good look at me. â€Å"You’re beautiful.† I shake my head slowly. â€Å"It’s not that. It’s something else. Like if I look in the mirror I have to see what’s really inside.† â€Å"What’s inside isn’t bad.† â€Å"Yes, it is. If you knew the truth, you wouldn’t want to be with me.† He assesses me closely and then helps me to my feet, pulling me up by the arms. â€Å"What are you doing?† I ask as he steers me by the shoulders to the mirror on the medicine cabinet. I wince at the girl staring back at me; big green eyes, wet hair stuck to her head, and mascara running down her face. I begin to recoil, but he holds me in place and forces me to look at myself. His aqua eyes lock on my reflection. â€Å"When I saw you that night, I felt completely helpless. I loved being able to help you, whether it’s if you fell off the roof and needed to go to the hospital or you needed help climbing up a tree. It has always been my thing since we were kids and I loved every second of it, but that night there was absolutely nothing I could do to help you. I never want to feel that way again.† He takes a deep breath and lets it out gradually. â€Å"I love you, Ella May and nothing will ever change that. You can push me away – run away – and I will still love you.† Hot tears pour out of my eyes and down my cheeks. My shoulders start to shake as I turn to him and bury my face into his chest. His arms circle around my waist and he lifts me up. My arms and legs fasten around him like he is my lifeline, and maybe he is. He carries me into my room as I continue to sob and he lies down with me on the bed. It’s dark and the music from next door drifts through the open window. Tears spill continuously to downpour from my eyes, and I place my hand over his chest, feeling the beat of his heart. I keep crying years of tears that have been bottled up until finally my eyes run dry. Then I breathe again. Micha I wake up early in morning in a state of panic. Ella is fast asleep in my arms, her eyes swollen from crying, and she’s clinging onto me like I’m everything to her. It’s what I’ve always wanted, but something feels unresolved within me and I need to fix it before I get in too deep with her. She needs someone strong and until I face the thing plaguing me, I can’t be that for her. But I will be. Carefully, I raise her head from my shoulder and slip out of her room. Her dad’s snoring on the couch, there’s a broken bottle on the kitchen floor, and the back door is wide open. I lock up and then jump the fence. My yard is trashed with beer bottles and cigarette butts and my mom’s car is parked in the driveway. The inside looks just as bad and I feel like a dick for leaving it for my mom to clean up, but if I don’t go right now, I’ll chicken out. So I hurry to my room, where Ethan’s passed out in my bed with his arms and legs hanging over the side. He still has on the clothes from last night and the whole room stinks of stale booze and cigarettes. I stuff some clothes into a bag and collect my keys from the dresser. â€Å"Are you going somewhere?† Ethan sits up from the bed, rubbing his eyes. I swing the bag over my shoulder. â€Å"I’m going on a little road trip. I’ll be back in a few days.† He gapes at me. â€Å"By yourself?† â€Å"Yeah, this is something I have to do by myself.† He considers something. â€Å"You’re going to see your father, aren’t you?† I let out a loud breath. â€Å"Yeah man, but don’t say anything, okay?† Ethan nods. â€Å"Alright, if that’s what you want me to do.† â€Å"It is.† I open the door. â€Å"And hey, help my mom clean up†¦ and keep an eye on Ella.† He falls back into the bed. â€Å"Alright man, will do.† I grab my wallet and leave the room, wondering who I’m going to be when I come back. Ella I wake up to an empty bed, but try to stay calm. I text Micha and ask him where he is because I’m sure there’s an explanation. â€Å"I’m sure it’s nothing bad,† I say, but there’s an unsettling feeling squeezing inside me. I slip on a pair of shorts and a tank top and go downstairs to head to his house, but Dean, Lila, and a girl with short black hair are sitting at the kitchen table with coffee mugs in front of them. There’s a box of doughnuts on the counter and someone’s taken out the garbage and cleaned the dishes. â€Å"Oh my God, it’s so nice to finally meet you.† The girl with black hair stands up and meets me in the middle of the kitchen. â€Å"Likewise, I guess†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shake her extended hand, glancing at Lila and then Dean. Dean gets up and brushes crumbs off the front of his button down shirt. â€Å"Ella, this is my fiance, Caroline.† My mouth forms an â€Å"O.† She’s not how I pictured her; short and slender, with tan skin and shoulder length wavy hair. She has a vest on over a t-shirt and a pair of black jeans. There’s a butterfly tattoo on her wrist and her ears have multiple piercings. I pictured her more prim and proper, by the way my brother showed up looking. â€Å"Dean’s told me so much about you,† she says with a genuine smile. â€Å"And I’m finally glad to have a face to attach to the stories he’s been telling me.† My eyes wander to Dean and my eyebrows arch up. â€Å"Stories, huh? I’d love to hear these stories.† She doesn’t miss a beat. â€Å"Like how you like to draw and how you love cars. He also said you attend UNLV, which is so cool because that’s where I went.† â€Å"I thought you said you didn’t know where I was,† I say to Dean. He shifts uneasily. â€Å"Dad told me once during like a five minute conversation. But anyway, it’s not a big deal, Ella, for me to tell my fiance about my little sister.† â€Å"It kind of is.† My voice carries an underlying meaning that only he will understand. â€Å"All things considering.† Dean hisses through clenched teeth. â€Å"Ella, can you not start this shit. It’s too early in the morning.† Caroline glances from Dean to me then back to Dean. â€Å"You weren’t lying. You guys’ relationship is a little intense.† Removing myself from the conversation, I pull my hair into a ponytail and pour myself a cup of coffee. Breathing in the aroma, I stare out the window, noting that Micha’s car isn’t next door. â€Å"Where the hell is he?† I mutter to myself. Suddenly, I’m being yanked by the arm out of the room. â€Å"Hey,† I protest as hot coffee spills onto my foot. â€Å"What is your problem?† â€Å"Look.† Dean says once we’re in the living room. â€Å"I didn’t invite her here. She just showed up to surprise me.† â€Å"So you don’t want her here?† I take a sip of my coffee, hiding my amusement. He rubs the back of his neck tensely. â€Å"There’s just stuff she doesn’t know about me yet and I don’t think I’m ready to tell her.† â€Å"You told her about me.† â€Å"But not dad. And not mom either.† I set the cup down on the table and wipe up the coffee from my foot with a towel. â€Å"Okay, so what do you want to do about it?† â€Å"Could you hang out with her for the day, while I pack up the rest of my room?† he asks. â€Å"And then I can get her out of here by tomorrow morning.† â€Å"You should just tell her the truth.† I toss the towel on the couch. â€Å"Avoiding the problem will only catch up with you.† He pulls an annoyed face. â€Å"You’re one to talk.† â€Å"I know and I’m working on it.† My voice shakes a little and I clear it. His face is turning red. â€Å"Would you please just keep her busy?† â€Å"I guess.† I shrug. â€Å"But where do you want me to take her?† â€Å"For a drive around the lake or something,† he says. â€Å"I don’t care just as long as you keep her away from here.† I collect my coffee and proceed for the kitchen, while he heads for the stairs to finish packing. â€Å"And Ella,† he calls out from the stairway â€Å"You look different today – happier.† I give him a small smile, and then I turn away, wondering what looks different. How to cite The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 16, Essay examples

Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison Essays - Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison

Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison "Who the hell am I" (Ellison 386)? This question puzzled the invisible man, the unidentified, anonymous narrator of Ralph Ellison's acclaimed novel, Invisible Man. Throughout the story, the narrator embarks on a mental and physical journey to seek what the narrator believes is "true identity," a belief quite mistaken, for he, although unaware of it, had already been inhabited by true identities all along. Ellison, in Invisible Man, uses the main characters invisibility and conflict with the outside world to illustrate the confusion of identity that many people experience. The narrator's life is filled with constant eruptions of mental traumas. The biggest psychological burden he has is his identity, or rather his misidentity. He feels a "wearing on the nerves" (Ellison 3) for people to see him as what they like to believe he is and not see him as what he really is. Throughout his life, he takes on several different identities and none, he thinks, adequately represents his true self, until his final one, as an invisible man. The narrator thinks the many identities he possesses do not reflect him, but he fails to recognize that identity is simply a mirror that reflects the surroundings and the person who looks into it. It is only in this reflection of the immediate surrounding that the viewers can relate to the narrator's identity. The viewers see only the part of the narrator that is apparently connected to the viewer's own world. The part obscured is unknown and, therefore, insignificant. Lucius Brockway, an old operator of the paint factory, saw the narrator only as an existence threatening his job, despite that the narrator is sent there to merely assist him. Brockway repeatedly questions the narrator of his purpose there and his mechanical credentials but never even bother to inquire his name. Because to the old fellow, who the narrator is as a person is uninterested. What he is as an object and what that object's relationship is to Brockway's engine room is important. The narrator's identity is pulled from this relationship, and this relationship suggests to Brockway that his identity is a "threat." However, the viewer decides to see someone as the identity they assign to that person. The Closing of The American Mind, by Allan Bloom, explains this identity phenomenon by comparing two "ships of states" (Bloom 113). If one ship "is to be forever at sea, [and] another is to reach port and the passengers go their separate ways, they think about one another and their relationships on the ship very differently in the two cases" (Bloom 113). In the first state, friends will be acquainted and enemies will be formed, while in the second state, the passengers will most likely not bother to know anyone new, and everyone will get off the ship and remain strangers to one another. A person's identity is unique to every different viewer at every different location and situation. This point the narrator senses but does not fully understand. During his first Brotherhood meeting, he exclaims, "I am a new citizen of the country of your vision, a native of your fraternal land" (Ellison 328) ! He preaches to others the fact that identity is transitional, yet he does not accept it himself. Maybe he thought it distressing being liked not for being his true self but because of the identity he puts on, or being hated not for being himself but because of his identity. To Dr. Bledsoe, the principal of the black southern university where the narrator attended, the narrator is a petty "black educated fool" (Ellison 141). To Mr. Norton, a rich white trustee of the black university, the narrator is a simple object intertwined with his fate, a mere somebody, he explained to the narrator, that "[was] somehow connected with [Mr. Norton's] destiny" (Ellison 41). To the organizers of the Brotherhood, Jack, Tobitt, and the others, the narrator is what they designed him to be. They designed for him an identity of a social speaker and leader, and to his listeners and followers, he is just that. These were his multiple identities, and none were less authentic than the others were, because to his onlookers, he is what his identities say he is, even if he thinks differently. The narrator always had a desire for people "who could give [him] a proper reflection of [his] importance" (Ellison 160). But there is no such thing as a proper reflection because his importance varies among different people. Subconsciously, he craves attention. He wants recognition and status and

Essay on Edexcel G3 June 2010 40 mark question

Essay on Edexcel G3 June 2010 40 mark question Essay on Edexcel G3 June 2010 40 mark question Throughout the world there is a huge disparity in the wealth between nations in the world. Whilst the richest countries maintain a high quality of life the same cannot be said for those poorest countries (LDC’s). LDC countries often have population living in poverty with a low quality of life, barely any social mobility and little if any access to change and develop as a country. However the world seeks to change these impacts and hopes to change the future of LDC countries, but around the world there are many different views on how these countries can develop be that from intervention or not. There are many barriers which LDC countries face, these have all been seen as essential factors to develop and so the UN created a set of goals (Millennium Development Goals) as targets for some of the poorest countries to achieve. These 8 goals include stopping poverty, greater primary education rates, equality, improved health and also striving for sustainable methods to develop. Whilst few countries have achieved all or any of these targets, they have set ways for countries to develop and to provide a better life for their population. A number of NGOs are also helping to achieve these goals with groups like the Micah Challenge, Millennium Campaign and others. This shows two types of aid, both bilateral as all UN government members work together to help, as well as multilateral through the NGO’s and other charities which worked to help solve these issues. However aid cannot for all countries as for many it becomes something they have to rely on, such as Mozambique were aid a ccounts for 60% of the country’s GDP, which in the long run is incredibly unsustainable. While many do agree that intervention is needed for these countries to develop those who don’t believe in intervention from the rest of the world point to the Asian Tigers a grouping of nations who rapidly developed and have since made a huge impact on a global economic stance as they have entered the manufacturing sector and out priced other countries. This was a stark rise before their recent rapid rate of economic development. One of the largest growths of development can be seen with South Korea one of the tigers, before the rapid industrialisation they had a HDI of 0.640 in 1980 the equivalent of 117th in the world today, however they have rapidly risen to 12th in the world with a rating of 0.909, better than the UK and France. Although many believe that this growth has come from not outside intervention. However although little aid has reached the Asian Tigers to help them development they instead benefitted from large levels of FDI from tnc’s mainly based in the western world. This investment has greatly increased the general quality of life in the country as the manufacturing provided more stable and greater earning than the previous dominant agriculture business. This extra income has allowed the population to increase their services through taxes as well as to provide more stuff for their family. However many see this type of intervention as impossible in the poorest countries in the world and they cite the high prevalence of corruption in the countries as a huge negative for foreign companies to invest. Whilst there was corruption in the Asian Tigers they also had other negatives to get investment including higher levels of literacy as well as close transport links to large areas of consumption especially to the booming South East Asian countries including China

Taking Community College Classes in High School A Guide

Taking Community College Classes in High School A Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a high school student who is interested in taking classes at a community college? Community college classes can be a great way for high school studentsto take more challenging courses and prepare for college. Read on to learn everything you need to know about community college classes for high school students: the benefits of taking community college classes in high school, when totake them, and how you can start getting enrolled. How Can a High School Student Take Community College Classes? Aren’t community college classes justfor college students? Actually, no. While the primarypurpose of community collegeis to provide an education tocollege students, mostnow alsoofferclasses to people of varying ages and levels of education,from children to senior citizens. Many community colleges allow high school studentsto take certain classes. Sometimes high school studentsare only able to enroll in introductory classes, and they may also be required to submit their high school transcript or a teacher recommendation as proof that they can handle a college-level course. Some high schools have organized programs with community colleges that allow high schoolstudentsto take college classes as a replacement for one or more of their regular high school classes.This is especially common in smaller high schools or those with few advanced or AP course offerings because it lets high school students take challenging classes they wouldn’t have been able to take otherwise. These classes can help high school students strengthen their transcripts and prepare for college. Other times, high school studentschoose to take community college classes without receiving any high school credit; however; they may be able to receive college credit once they enroll in a college or university. What Are the Benefits of Taking Community College Classes inHigh School? Why would a high school studentbe interested in taking community college classes? There are several benefits. Benefit #1: You Can Take More Advanced Classes If your high school doesn’t offer certain advanced classes, taking them at a community college can be a great way to strengthen your transcript.If your high school doesn’t offer many or even any AP classes, you may be concerned that your school's lack of challenging classes will put you behind other students when applying to and starting college. You may also be particularly strong in a certain subject and want to take an advanced course in it, either because you have taken all your high school’s classes in that subject, or they are not challenging enough for you. At my high school, each year, several students who had taken AP Calculus as juniors would take Calculus III at the local community college to gain more math skills and be better prepared for college math classes. Taking these classes at a community college while you are still in high school can help prepare you for college classes and possibly allow you to skip some introductory classes once you get to college. GotCredit/Flickr Benefit #2: They Can Help Your College Application Stand Out Having college classes on your transcript is a great way to strengthen your transcript and your college applications.Your community college classes may be included on your high school transcript, labeledin such a way to show they are college-level classes, or, if not, you can include your community college transcript withyour applications. Taking community college classes in high school shows that you can take initiative, are hard working, and have strong academic skills, which are all qualities colleges like to see in applicants. Benefit #3: You'll Be Better Prepared for College If you are concerned about college or simply want to be better prepared when you set foot on campus, taking classes at a community college is a great way to introduce yourself to the rigor of college-level classes. College classes, even at community colleges, are usually more difficult and faster-paced than high school classes, and by taking one or more in high school, you can be better prepared for university classes. This will likely help you get better grades and feel less stressed as a college student. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Are the Drawbacks to Taking Community College Classes in High School? Though there are major benefits to community college classes for high school students, there are also some drawbacks. Drawback #1: They Can Be Challenging College classes can be quite different from high school classes; they are usually more challenging, faster-paced, and require more homework and studying. If you are not prepared for this, taking a community college class can be very stressful, and you may not get the grade you want. Drawback #2: They May Not Always Be Fulfilling Sometimes,community college classes aren't challenging, in fact, in some cases high school students feel that the community college classes they take are easy, especially when compared to AP or other advanced classes. If you are used to rigorous classes, there's a chance that you will find your community college classes too easy, especially if you are taking introductory classes. This may result in you not learning as much as you'd like to. A good way to reducethe chanceof this happening is to ask the school for asyllabusof the class or classes you are interested in taking. Syllabi will usually include the topics students learn and major assignments, and they can help you get a better idea of what the class will cover and how quickly itwill cover it. Drawback #3: They Can Be Expensive Most students do not have to pay for the classes they take in high school, and it can be difficult to afford the tuition required for college classes.Even though community college classes are typically less expensive than regular 4-year colleges, tuition is still usually at least $100 per credit hour, which means taking one community college class can cost several hundred dollars or more. Sometimes high schools will pay for their students to take community college classes, especiallyif they don't offer a particular class themselves. Ask your academic adviserwhat your school's policy is for covering the costs of community college classes. If they do help with costs, this can save you thousands of dollars! However, if your high school doesn't cover community college costs, be sure to choose your community college classes carefully so you know you are getting the best value for your money. Also, if your high school offers a similar course, such as an AP class, you may want to consider taking that instead. Taking community college classes may meanyou have to pay tuition fees and other expenses. (Tax Credits/Flickr) Read the sections below to learn more about how to make smart decisions when taking community college classes and minimize negative impacts. When Should You Take Community College Classes? You should think carefully about what semester and year you want to enroll in a community college class.It’s recommended that you don’t take community college classes until you are at least a junior in high school. By the time you are an upperclassman, you will likely have had more challenging courses and will be more prepared for college-level classes. If you take a community college class early on in high school, you may find it overwhelming or too challenging. This can cause you to get alow grade that won’t get you many of the benefits listed above. Another important decision is whether to take a community college class during the school year or over the summer. Most community colleges offer both options, though not all courses may be offered each semester.If you are getting high school credit or replacing a high school class, then you will likely take the community college class during the school year. If there are certain times of the year when you are less busy (for example, a semester when you don’t have a sport or have less challenging classes), you may want to take a community class then so that you can spend more time on it.However, if the community college class you are interested in isn’t earning you high school credit or replacing a high school class, it may be easier for you to take it during the summer.Taking a community college class during the summer gives you more time to concentrate on it because you won’t have to balancea full high school course loadat the same time. Don’t try to take a community college class if you are already busy with your high school classes and activities. Taking a college course when you don’t have enough time to put towards it can cause you to feel stressed and overwhelmed, and it may cause you to get a low grade in the class, which won’t do much to help your applications or prepare you for college. It’s also recommended that you start by enrolling inonly one community college class at a time, especially if you are taking it during the school year. This will give you a chance to get used to college classes withoutgetting in over your head. Don't sign up for too many community college classes at once, or else you may find yourself feeling overwhelmed, and your high school grades may drop. How Do You Decide Which Community College Classes to Take? You will want to think carefully about which community college classes to take in order to maximize their usefulness and how much you learn. Although high school students oftencan't sign up for classes until after full-time college students have, you will likely still have a lot of potential class options left to choose from. Read through your community college’s course catalog and think about the following questions to help you choose which courses to take: Consideration #1: Are There Classes YourHigh School Doesn't Offer That You'd Like to Take? Look at your high school’s course catalog and think about the classes you plan to take before you graduate. Is there a particular class you wish you could take but isn’t offered by your high school?This can include advanced classes such as upper-level math classes or AP classes, or it can simply be classes you are interested in but your school doesn’t offer, likecertainforeign language classes or a specialized history course. If so, look to see if your community college offers a course in that subject. Colleges, even community colleges, usually have a wider course selection than high schools, so you may be able to find a class you’re interested in.Often when you take a class you enjoy you’ll get a higher grade in it than a class you don’t find interesting because you are more motivated to study and do the homework. Consideration #2: Which Classes Will Be Useful for College? Another thing to consider when choosing community college classes is which classes will help best prepare you for college.If you already know what you plan on majoring in, then you may want to take classes related to that field of study. For example, if you know you want to be pre-med, check out your community college’s biology or human physiology classes. If you are not sure what you’d like to study in college, almost all majors are required to take at least one math and one writing class, so courses in those subjects will likely be useful later on. However, don’t assume that you will automatically get college credit for the community college classes you take because some colleges have very strict policies about transfer credit. Even if you don’t receive college credit, remember that taking community college classes is still useful because they strengthen your college applications and help you be better prepared for future college classes. Consideration #3: Which Subjects Does Your High School Recommend? Your school may already have a list of community college classes that previous students have taken and enjoyed, and they may also have a list of community college classes that they give credit for or accept as a substitute for a particular high school class. If your high school has recommendations, this can make choosing which coursesto take easier, because you will already have some idea of what classes other students have found useful.This information is also helpful if you are looking to get high school credit for your community college class. Consideration #4: What Prerequisites Are Required? When you see a class you find interesting, check the course description to see if there are any prerequisites or prior knowledge you need to have in order to takethe class.College classes are already more challenging than high school classes, and taking a class you aren’t prepared for on top of that can make it very difficult to get a good grade in the class. In addition to checking prerequisites, you may also want to start by taking introductory classes to ease yourself into college-level courses. These classes usually have the word â€Å"Introduction† or â€Å"Introductory† in their title or have a course number that begins with the number one (such as English 101). Consideration #5: When Are Certain Classes Offered? Logistics are also an important consideration when choosing classes. There may be certain days of the week or months of the year when you have more time to devote to your community college classes. As mentioned above, it’s important to make sure you have enough free time in your schedule before you enroll in a community college course.By choosing classes that fill well in your schedule, you will make your community college experience less stressful and more enjoyable. Looking through yourcalendar may help you decide which community college classes to take. How to Enroll in Community College Classes After you have decided which class you want to take, you need to begin the enrollment process.Before you enroll, talkto your academic adviserat your high school to learn if this class will be included on your transcript or if you will be able to use it to substitute for another course. You may need to provide them with a course description or syllabus to review. You should also ask them if your high school will cover the costs of the class, and, if so, how and when they will do so. Next you need to enroll in the community college. This process varies by school. Some only require you to fill out basic information about yourself, especially if you will only be taking a few classes. Others require the same enrollment process a full-time student attending the school goes through, which may mean filling out an application and submitting test scores. This process can take up to a few weeks, so give yourself enough time to complete it before classes start. Once you are enrolled, you can sign up for the class you want to take. Remember that, as mentioned above, oftentimes high school students have to wait until after current college students have had a chance to select their courses before they are able to sign up forclasses. Almost all community colleges have online enrollment, but you can also usuallysign up by mailing in a form or going to the campus office and selecting your classesin person. At this time, you will likely have to submit your tuition payment.After you sign up for a class, you will be sent information about it. This information usually includes where and when the class meets, what textbooks and other materials you need, and a course syllabus that tells you what topicsthe class will cover. Before the class starts, buy your textbooks and any other materials you need, and make sure you know how to get to the campus.On the first day of class, try to arrive a few minutes early so that you are ready and prepared when your first college class begins.Congratulations, you're now on your way to becoming a college student! Summary Many students have the option of enrolling in classes at a local community college as a way to take a more advanced class or help prepare them for college. You may be able to substitute a community college class for one of your high school classes or get credit for it once you start college. Even though they can be expensive and challenging, taking community college classes while in high school can strengthen your transcript and help you be more prepared for college classes. Wait to take community college classes until you are at least a junior and know you have enough time to devote to the class. To decide which class to take, look over the school’s course catalog, talk to your academic adviser, and think about which classes will be helpful when you go to college. What's Next? Want to know what classes you can take in high school?We have a complete list of high school classes so you can see what your options are. Struggling with a certain class and wondering if you should drop it? We have a guide that willhelp you decide whether to drop a class or notand explains how it will impact your college applications. Trying to decide between community college classes and AP classes?Which one looks better on college applications? Read our guide for a complete overview of both. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Effects That Tech has on diff Gens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Effects That Tech has on diff Gens - Essay Example With these unstable effects of technology on existing two different generations, a controversial issue whether technology is a blessing or a curse arouse interest. In recent years, evolution of modern technology has increased dramatically. Young people today considered this world being transformed by technology as a better place to live in. Computers, for example, spare us from wearisome and time-consuming tasks. Instead, it enable us to buy and bank conveniently online, and help us to keep in touch with our friends and loved ones easily through emails, voice mail, or video link. Computer has taken a prominent role in molding the young minds of this modern generation. But on the other side, there’s the older generation that questions the emphasis given to modern technology as an alternative to traditional way of performing some tasks and for social interaction. Few among them, though, would rather prefer to go back to the comparatively crude products of yesteryear. One of thei r major concerns is the bad effects on their health. Modern inventions have changed the way they do things, and many laborious works have become more bearable that contribute to a sedentary life-style in large segments of the population. Therefore, the older generation owed some health problems such as heart disease to modern technology. In this case, would technology be a curse, more than a blessing? . As children, they watched the horror series Chucky in Betamax format, but now, these series can be viewed online through the Internet, or bought in CD or DVD format. Generation Y has experienced large changes in technology, so they have learned to exploit it quite effortlessly. However, they have become quite dependent on technology to conduct significant tasks and to express their individuality (Kumar & Lim, 2008, p.570). Baby Boomers are more open to technology than older generations, but they tend to remain traditional in how they interact with others, especially their families (K umar & Lim, 2008, p.570). Technology has formed a generation gap, or symbolically, a technological wedge, between Baby Boomers and their Gen Y children. This problem has not been fully addressed yet because some people are taking for granted how technology negatively affects their families. These generations must find ways to bridge this gap without necessarily contradicting their interests and preferences in life. Without resolving this gap, generation clashes can result to family conflicts and unhappiness. Gen Y children and Baby Boomer parents can use technology as a bridge that can strengthen family ties through using it to develop better learning and communication strategies. Gen Y children use technology to do multitasking, while Baby Boomer parents employ technology to supplement their activities, but most of the latter prefer doing things the traditional way, and this difference in how technology is used can lead to a strong communication gap between them. Gen Y children dep end on technology to do several tasks at the same time, which makes them great multitaskers (Cekada, 2012, p.41), while Baby Boomers do not like doing many things altogether (Cekada, 2012, p.43). Baby Boomers clash with their children who prefer finishing tasks their way, while the former want them to do things the way they used to. Because of these differences in how they see their responsibilities, Gen Y children may overlook that their parents do tasks in a different way, thereby making them impatient in dealing with the

The effect of videotapes of animals on cardiovascular responses to Assignment

The effect of videotapes of animals on cardiovascular responses to stress - Assignment Example In this early study, it was reported that the blood pressure lowered in subjects who were put under the stress of reading loudly when they started looking at an aquarium that had fishes swimming. A similar study was conducted in the same year by Friedmann and his colleagues and this study also revealed that there was a reduction in the blood pressure of children when they were in the company of a dog following exposure to the stress of reading loudly. In 2002, another study was done by Allen, Blascovich and Mendes and this study reported similar reductions in heart rate and blood pressure following a stressful exposure, when a cat or a dog was present with a person. This study went further and revealed that the affect of these pets was more significant in comparison to the presence of a loved one. The work of these researchers was important because their studies helped in assessing an important factor that is the presence of pets provided for a reduction in the cardiovascular respons e following stress. Dr. Wells performed this study based on a similar hypothesis that the cardiovascular impact on an individual following viewing of the recordings of animals should be similar to the presence of live animals, that is these recordings should lead to a lowering in the cardiovascular response of a person in stress. The purpose of this study was to assess and confirm if the recordings of animals led to a reduction in the blood pressure and heart rate of a person following the stressful exposure. This assessment was important because no study based on the recordings of animals was conducted in the past. Also, it was significant because many individuals cannot keep live animals and this study would be helpful for them in stress reduction and lowering of blood pressure and heart rate in stressful situations. The participants of the study included hundred healthy university going students out of which 58 were males and 42 were females. The

Problems with Mobile Commerce

Problems with Mobile Commerce The recent years have seen an explosive growth in the mobile phone industry. Research has shown that the number of mobile phone subscribers at the end of the year 2004 has passed 1.6 billion. Mobile commerce more popularly known as m-commerce has made the business mobility a reality. The concept of anytime and anywhere internet facility with an inexpensive and comparatively smaller computing infrastructure is the driving force towards mobile commerce. With the advancements in the Wireless communication, mobile commerce has become a new paradigm for personal communication without any constraints in location. There are no age limitations in conducting mobile commerce. Starting from the teenagers to the retirees, everyone is depending on mobile devices. Mobile Commerce is defined as any direct or indirect transaction conducted through the handheld devices such as PDAs and mobile phones facilitated through mobile or wireless telecommunication networks. It is a subset of electronic commer ce. E-Commerce and M-Commerce differ in the way the business is conducted. In E-commerce, online auction systems act as an intermediary between the buyer and a seller whereas mobile commerce is more personalized and is ideal for the location based services. The characteristics of mobile devices such as mobility, cost, portability, voice, more personalization and global positioning system (GPS) have made the establishment of new business models around mobile devices. Many applications such as mobile payment systems, entertainment, content distribution and business services have been developed. Consumers can use mobile phones as an ATM or debit card to purchase tickets or pay the bills online. Content distribution services such as real time information and notifications and location tracking systems are increasing every day. Consumers can get real time information such as stock quotes, traffic information, news and weather forecasts anywhere anytime on their mobile phones via the internet. In addition to the real time content services, mobile phones have become an entertainment medium. Entertainment services such as ringtone downloads, watching live TV broadcasts, online games and music downloads has become a youth trend today. A report from Screen Digest Ltd., a global market research company, shows that Korea and Japan accounted for 80% of the worldwide online game downloading revenues (approx. 380 million Euros). According to Juniper research, a company that specializes in mobile market and technologies, adult mobile services and mobile gambling services accounted for total revenue of US $1 billion and US $ 15 billion respectively. Mobile Commerce has a great impact on business services and applications. Extending the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to have mobile functionality will provide the sales personnel and marketing staff with real time management and corporate data. Mobile inventory management applications benefit the logistic related business in their supply chain management. Also, no time and location based constraints helps in making the offices going paperless in which case a sales person need not have to carry loads of paper for the client delivery. Mobile Commerce is creating new opportunities for the mobile service providers as well as for mobile users. Experts have proposed that the next wave of computing would be mobile commerce and the first decade of 21st century would be considered as the decade of mobile computing and mobile commerce. The driving factors of mobile commerce include various interrelated forces. The social trends where every person is depending on his or her mobile for communication (mobile society), technological advancements and economics are some of the driving forces of mobile commerce. The success of the electronic commerce itself is another major driving factor for mobile commerce. Consumers have embraced the web based e commerce in their day to day life in such a way that they cannot think of doing their tasks without any electronic channel and this has made businesses to extend their services beyond electronic channel into mobile channel. In addition to the above factors, the lowered provider costs, increased internet speed and reliability, availability of content and information anytime through an instant access and reduced time to market have contributed for the growth of mobile services. Although the above mentioned factors indicate that mobile commerce is creating various opportunities for businesses, users and service providers, a report from the Business Studies 2009 shows that only 7% of the 90% of the Americans who own a mobile phone have used their mobile phones to conduct mobile commerce transaction. Electronic Commerce can be divided into four different categories such as Business to Business (B2B), Business to Consumer (B2C), Consumer to Business (C2B) and Consumer to Consumer (C2C). Mobile commerce is mainly concerned with the B2B or B2C market. With the widespread adoption of mobile phones, mobile commerce has a prosperous future in business to consumer (B2C) category. As Business to Consumer (B2C) is considered the future of mobile commerce, businesses and consumers are becoming more concerned about security issues since identity theft has become a growing problem. The wireless telecommunication industry has seen enormous advancements in technology and hence the development of standards. But a question arises on whether the early adoption of the standards may hinder future developments in mobile commerce. Let us have a look at the major differences between mobile commerce and electronic commerce and what drives the consumer to adopt m-commerce over e-commerce. The attributes such as ubiquity that is anytime, anywhere availability, high interactivity, convenience, personalization, that is mobile phones are more personal with most probably a single owner when compared to home computers or internet cafes which is shared between a number of people, and finally localization are some of the benefits of mobile commerce which is driving the consumer market. In short, mobile commerce offers more enticing market opportunities than e- commerce. While live internet on the mobile may sound intuitively appealing, it is very difficult to estimate the utility and the extent of its usage. Businesses, governments, service providers, mobile users and stakeholders still need to address many issues and obstacles before mobile commerce pervades in to our daily lives. The next section of the paper discusses the major issues in mobile commerce such as application issues, network challenges, consumer privacy and trust, security concerns, infrastructure problems and legal and regulatory issues. Key Issues in Mobile Commerce * Security in mobile commerce * Location management issues * Limitations of mobile devices * Ethics and Privacy * Wireless Infrastructure * Usability * Legal and Regulatory challenges * Consumer Trust * Interoperability and Compatibility Analysis Security in mobile commerce Wireless communications are more vulnerable than wired communication. Although most of the wireless data networks provide reasonable encryption, security has become a major concern with the introduction of high end mobile devices in the market and the anticipated increase in the number of devices. Many issues exists with the use of mobile devices to conduct transactions such as: Data could be lost and the mobile terminals itself could be misplaced or stolen due to its smaller size and contents stored in the device could be accessed by anyone who possesses the device due to lack of proper authentication techniques . Although mobile commerce enjoys mobility, it raises many serious security threats. In particular, as it plays a very important role in business and personal life, security issues have to be considered seriously. There are many aspects to consider in security which includes physical security, risk assessment, secure wireless transmission, secured access and malware. The built in security features such as passwords and locking keypads are not used by majority of wireless users and the data stored on these handheld devices are often not encrypted which makes it easy for anyone to access the information stored without any authorized access. The article Mobile Commerce: issues and obstacles mentions that Motorola, Ericsson and Nokia did provide industry standard digital signature for authentication but was discarded in 2006. Data transmitted over the wireless medium is more vulnerable for attacks. Wireless transmission can be intercepted and if is not encrypted or encrypted with a flawed protocol, then the information can be made known. Unsecured data transmission may be exploited by hackers for eavesdropping or à ¯man- in-the-middle attacks. Tradeoff between performance and security remains an issue of concern for low power mobile devices. Communication between mobile devices is in the form of ad hoc networks where one node communicates with another without a fixed infrastructure. Network decision making in ad hoc networks is decentralized, as a result all the network protocols rely on the cooperation between the nodes. An attacker can utilize this to compromise a single node with false routing information or can instruct all the routing to go through the compromised node. In addition to compromising the nodes, hackers may route the mobile users to download malicious or miscellaneous information or may even launch denial of service attacks. An attacker need not always target a mobile user but instead if a mobile user roams in an attackers zone he or she is vulnerable to attacks. Roaming in an attackers zone may lead to the alteration or stealing of data and information without the end users knowledge. The difficulty in tracing the wireless devices as they roam in different wireless zones, no fixed geographic points and the ability to go online and offline easily gives the malicious users an excellent advantage to launch the attacks. A question of who would be responsible for the financial or data loss remains a challenge in security. Is it the user or the wireless provider or the financial institution or the software provider held responsible for the loss? Someone has to be responsible for the loss and it is quite costly and becomes a risk for stakeholders. Hence there is a need for wireless risk management. There are some false impressions that only laptops or computers are exposed for viruses and cell phones or handheld devices such as PDAs and smart phones are immune to viruses. These viruses when downloaded by cell phones drain battery life or can simply increase the load on the network.28 The compromised security function may affect not only the network but also can lead to the loss of revenue in business. Location management issues Mobile Commerce is an emerging field which involves many applications such as financial applications, user applications, entertainment, mobile inventory management applications, mobile business re-engineering, mobile games and location specific mobile advertisements. All these applications require the support of location tracking to track devices, products or the people. The following figure shows possible mobile commerce architecture. The important components of mobile commerce include wireless infrastructure, user interfaces, devices, database, mobile middleware and servers. In general, mobile commerce is very dependent on the location information of the users, devices, products, services and servers. Because of the mobility involved in mobile commerce, the location management becomes a challenging task. With the varying requirements in precision, scalability and delay between different m-commerce applications, tracking becomes more challenging. Issues in location management include precision in tracking, updating the location, storage and access of the tracked information, updating of the existing location management schemes with few modifications, difficulty in modeling the context-awareness related to the location management, the overhead of location management for various mobile commerce applications under different network size, mobility patterns and transaction size. There are a number of location intensive mobile commerce applications which require location management support as their primary requirement in wireless network. The article Addressing Location Issues in Mobile Commerce identifies some of the location intensive mobile commerce applications which include mobile advertising, mobile financial applications, mobile inventory management and proactive service management. One of the most important components of mobile commerce is financial applications which include mobile banking, mobile money transfer, brokerage services and mobile payments. If implemented properly, these applications may eventually become a business tool. Mobile advertising is another category of application where advertising is targeted to the users depending on the demographic information collected by the wireless service providers and the location of the user. Location sensitive advertisements such as shopping deals or on-going specials can be accomplished depending on the surrounding area of the mobile users. Issues in mobile advertising are: who owns the location information, how to share this information between wireless providers, what are the storage requirements and how to satisfy the need of real time processing in order to capture the user information. Mobile inventory management is tracking the location of products, goods and services. This application is very helpful for logistic providers to determine the time taken for delivery to their customers in order to provide a better customer service and to compete against other businesses. Amongst different inventory management applications, rolling inventory is one of the interesting applications which involve tracking of multiple trucks carrying large amount of inventory which helps for just in time delivery of goods when a store needs certain goods or services. Another category of mobile commerce application is proactive service management which involves collecting pertinent information of current or future needs of a user and providing the service proactively. Some of the issues in these applications are security, reliability and the cost of deployment. Limitations of mobile devices Mobile phones, hand held devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and pagers, palm sized computers and laptops such as tablets and vehicle mounted interfaces are some of the examples of the current wireless devices. Although mobility and flexibility are the main advantages of the mobile terminals, they lack in several aspects when compared to personal computers. Most of the mobile devices have constrained display capabilities with low resolution and small screen size. Limited and complicated input options due to small and multifunctional keypad. The requirement of mobile devices to be physically light and small hinders the development of user friendly interfaces and graphical applications. Mobile devices also have limited processing and computational power, memory and disk capacity, limited battery life and surf ability. All these drawbacks which do not support complex applications and transactions may lead to the limited usage of mobile commerce. Some of the must have features of smart phones are as follows: In order to satisfy multi-tasking and multi-application nature in smart phones, multi-tasking operating system is a necessary feature. Second feature for smart phones to conduct mobile commerce is a real QWERTY keyboard. The third feature is the QVGA or a high resolution display which is necessary for web browsing, gaming and MMS. Business productivity tools and application software for smart phones is a necessary feature to access business, sales, financial, inventory and real time information. Support of the 3rd generation technology for internet access is another important feature. Video and audio streaming, GPS and navigation capability and digital camera are another set of requirements which needs to be incorporated into the ideal client platform. Packing the above mentioned functionalities into a small handheld device with the multi-tasking operating system and a user friendly interface is a formidable task. Figure 2 shows a graph of the global cell phone and the smart phone shipment. As seen from the figure the percentage of the fully featured handsets are growing every year. Although the growth of the smart phones makes smart phones an ideal client platform for mobile commerce, the specifications of todays smart phones are not adequate for the transactions required for conducting mobile commerce. The success of the mobile commerce lies in the user satisfaction and the user experience in the new technology. Thus mobile device limitations have to be overcome for the widespread adoption of mobile commerce. Figure 2: Global Cell phone and smart phone graph Ethics and Privacy In the recent years ethics and privacy have become a major and touchy issue where consumers do not want to expose every aspect of their daily lives. Web applications such as maps and financial applications require personal information from the users which has created a negative impact with consumers. The risk of openness is comparatively more in a mobile environment which has created higher demands of privacy protection amongst the users. Being able to control information about oneself is what has made privacy a major concern for the society. Inappropriateness of the ringing of cell phones such as in a meeting is one of the annoying situations. This raises an ethical concern of the intrusion of cell phones at inappropriate circumstances. This gives rise to several questions on if mobile commerce evolves in such a way that it follows us around, monitors us and tries to anticipate our needs and delivers services, how much does it intrude in our private lives and the lives of people around us? Will there be a boundary between the work and the personal life? These issues if not addressed in a satisfied manner may become the obstacles for the adoption of mobile commerce. The article Mobile Commerce Adoption in China and the United States: A Cross Cultural Study states in its hypothesis 4 as Privacy Perception is positively associated with consumers intention to use mobile commerce which is in fact a true analysis. Federal Trade Commission has to increase its efforts in the inspection on mobile marketing industry. It is the responsibility of the wireless providers to protect the privacy of the consumers in the services they provide. A recent report shows that Verizon Wireless (VZW) customers were billed for downloading the ringtones and other mobile content which was advertised as free by the online marketers. Privacy has to be protected by the mobile service providers in order to make consumers feel comfortable doing business using mobile devices. It is very important for the wireless operators to protect their customers to the fullest and to stand by their word on treating every customer with respect. Mobile devices provide convenience to the consumers with the slimmer and compact style. In addition to that with the increase in the storage capability consumers are able to store more and more data. Research shows that ninety four percent of the mobile users stored phone numbers, eighty three percent stored digital photos, sixty five percent stored contacts and addresses, fifty five percent stored videos and forty eight percent stored their calendar appointments and music and other important information. With the vast amount of private data stored on the mobile devices raises a question of the protection of these mobile devices. If lost or stolen or damaged there is no way to back up the data. Wireless Infrastructure The wireless communication infrastructure required for mobile commerce is complex. The development of appropriate services and standards determines the success of mobile commerce. The technologies used for mobile commerce include wireless local area networks and wireless telecommunication. Bandwidth and data transmissions are some of the obstacles for mobile commerce. Wireless networks bandwidth are less when compared to the wired network. Although applications are created in such a way that it functions effectively in both the wired and mobile environments organizations still need to research on the interaction of the users through the wireless devices and network. Applications running successfully in a wired environment may encounter new problems such as data availability, fault tolerance, concurrency control and processing efficiency when ported to a mobile environment. The table below shows some of the wireless networking issues. Table 1: Comparison of mobile and wireless networks As seen from table 1, bit rate and coverage are two important factors. In addition to that the wireless quality of service which affects the performance in terms of delay and loss, reliability and survivability of wireless networks where a user can access mobile commerce application even during the network failures, roaming capabilities where a user can have access to multiple heterogeneous networks other quality attributes are some of the specific requirements of wireless infrastructure in order to conduct mobile commerce. Wireless Application Protocol or WAP is the protocol used as a standard for mobile commerce in the United States. WAP uses a set of common protocols to facilitate the interoperability among different wireless networks, applications and devices. But in reality WAP has failed to fulfill the technological promises. WAP cannot handle complex transactions such as sequencing of several services distributed over different networks. WAP is not suitable for a distributed networking environment. Another issue with WAP is it tends to be slower since it was not originally designed for broadband communications. The last problem with WAP is its charges are minute based; hence time consuming activities may become expensive. GPRS was designed as an alternative to WAP which is faster than WAP but it has its own downside. Since the charges are based on kilobyte download (kb) in GPRS, it may become expensive if mobile commerce service download volume is considerable. As there is an increase in the demand for bandwidth for new and existing applications, a lot of problems arise on how to obtain the unused airspace. Although reuse of frequency is increasing today the availability of frequency and bandwidth may become more limited in future. Wired devices such as laptops and PCs use a set of established wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11b. Will the mobile devices have the ability to interface with more than one communication environment? Will the communication technologies itself have the ability to interfere with one other? All these questions remain as a challenge. The table below consolidates the wireless infrastructure and communication issues. Table 2: Wireless Infrastructure Issues Usability Usability and user experience issues are often neglected in most of the businesses. It is necessary to understand and improve the usability of the web interfaces exposed through the mobile devices. Users conduct communication such as information search and transactions via user interface. Hence user interface is an important pre-requisite for satisfying customers sensory and functional needs. While mobile devices today can access a variety of applications, they enforce limitations in screen size resolution and have cumbersome input mechanisms. A survey from an internet on mobile internet users indicates usability as the biggest source of frustration. A complete understanding of different aspects of usability and how it might differ in a wireless context is necessary for all the designers and the organizations before leveraging the commercial benefits of mobile commerce. Device inefficiency may become a major issue for the adoption of mobile commerce. User interfaces if not properly designed may lead to a fifty percent transaction reduction via mobile devices. Addition of what is called cool features may make mobile devices less convenient for use. There are a number of guidelines available on web site usability such as on how to improve the layout and design of a web page, how to improve the components of a webpage. However these guidelines do not specify which aspects are critical and also the criticality may differ for different contexts and for different users. Furthermore there are limited guidelines on specific situation implementations. Thus it is necessary to understand what is important to users in order to create a more compelling mobile commerce and to drive revenues. The following figure shows the linking of usability, context and value. Figure 3: Linking of usability, context and value Relevance, Structure and Personalization are the important factors for a successful wireless interface experience. In addition to that it is necessary for the designers to understand the value the consumers derive from these three relevance, structure and personalization aspects in order to provide that value. Web presence is not equal to wireless web presence i.e. e # m. Mobile experience differs from web experience in both designs as well as in usage. Legal and Regulatory challenges Mobile commerce raises various legal and regulatory issues and challenges which is very broad as it includes safety along with many others. The difficulty in the application of the traditional laws and principles in the usage of wireless technologies is an issue facing mobile commerce. One particular case is when a seller tries to sell goods or services through a portal which is allocated to receive requests from wireless devices through specific network providers or when a person uses his or her mobile device (cell phone or a PDA) to purchase something poses many legal challenges between various parties as to who is responsible for regulating them and how should they be regulated. There are various legal issues need to be considered in mobile commerce, among them are the m-commerce contracts and identification of contracting parties and their legal capacities. Another legal issue in mobile commerce is determining the ideal method for payment. What methods need to be devised for the payment of a purchase from ones mobile? Another important question is what is the applicable law and jurisdiction if mobile devices are used for business transactions? The article on mobile commerce legal issues gives an example for the above question. What law would apply if a person residing in Lebanon who is a customer of Emarati uses his or her mobile to purchase software from a German firm whose server is located in the USA? Is it the law of the server location or the law of the country of citizenship of the customer or the law where the customer resides or the law of jurisdiction where the customer purchased software? If there is any dispute between the buyer and the seller, which court is responsible for the jurisdiction? Is it the court of the buyers country or the sellers country or the court agreed by both the parties? Digital cameras in mobile devices can be used for taking the photos and exchanging or sharing them over the internet instantly. The sharing or exchanging of the photos done without the proper authorization may result in the violation of the intellectual property rights including the copyright law. In that case who is liable for the infringement? The person who exchanged the photos on the internet or the network providers or the operators who facilitated the exchange? Is it possible to identify the person sharing the photo? Another aspect of mobile commerce issue is the safety and health risks. Safety includes many regulatory concerns such as terrorism and exposure to wireless devices. Today cell phones and other handheld devices are used in airplanes, automobiles, boats and more. This convenience has made the transactions on the go, but is this safe? Cell phones or other mobile devices installed in an automobile or a motor vehicle can distract the user from driving. Mobile commerce in the context of driving may pose serious safety concerns. Health risks of using mobile devices for conducting m-commerce include cancer. A research from the Foster and Moulder from the medical college of Wisconsin indicated that the radiations produced by the wireless devices may cause brain cancer. Cell phones are being used to set off the bombs remotely. A report from a Cellular news showed that terrorists used a cell phone to detonate the bomb in a min bus in Indonesia. Another recent bombing in London England was attempted by cell phones. A slight different issue in legal and regulatory is privacy. Todays wireless technologies provide a lot of information about the users to the network operators which include tracking of the users location. Competitive companies can purchase such information from the network operators which may lead to a privacy breach. The last but not the least issue in mobile commerce is the risk of crime. Hackers can steal the data and information from the mobile devices or simply overload the wireless network traffic to deteriorate the service. Is there any criminal law to incorporate these new types of crime and how will these penalties be enforced? Consumer Trust Trust plays an important role in mobile commerce. Trust is part of security issue but it is more of a business and psychological issue than a technical issue. This does not mean that trust has nothing to do with the technology, however it is necessary for the potential mobile commerce users to perceive wireless environment as a secure environment in order for the mobile commerce to reach its potential. Business relationships would not exist today without the trust which exists in many forms in business context such as laws and regulations, contracts, company policies and personal reputations. Building consumer trust in mobile commerce is a daunting task for the organizations, network providers and mobile vendors. E commerce is also facing the same issue because even today users do not trust technology. They are afraid to do any kind of financial transaction or any purchases using mobile handhelds. Trust plays an important role in business transaction too as trust lays the foundation between the businesses and the customers. The key characteristics in forming the trust include convenience, cost-efficiency, motivation, capacity and integrity. They all play an important role in gaining the consumer trust. Interoperability and Compatibility Interoperability is the ability of a mobile device to be used anywhere around the world. Compatibility as defined by the Gera and Chen is the degree to which an innovation is consistent with existing facilities and practice. Mobile commerce applications are said to be compatible if the applications and services satisfy the needs or lifestyle of a user. Compatibility can be classified into two types: Behavioral and Needs Compatibility. Behavioral compatibility is achieved when an innovation is consistent with the current technology and the users existing value. Needs compatibility is achieved when an innovation satisfies the needs of the users. Both behavioral and needs compatibility play a very important role in the adoption of mobile commerce. An example for the lack of the interoperability is when a network provider offers a text message acknowledgement within their own network and not on other network carriers. Mobile commerce is impeded by the existence of a variety of network communication standards. Applications are developed around the network standards and device characteristics which is the main cause for the interoperability issues. Efforts are being made to overcome